x4+3x3-12x2-31x-15
=x4-4x3+4x2+x3-16x2-31x-15
=(x4-4x3+4x2)+x3-2x2-14x2-31x-15
=(x4-4x3+4x2)+(x3-2x2)-14x2+28x-59x-15
=(x4-4x3+4x2)+(x3-2x2)-14(x2-2x)-59x-15
=(x2-2x)2+x(x2-2x)-14(x2-2x)-59x-15
=52+5x-14×5-59x-15
=-54x-60,
由x2-2x=5得 x2-2x+1=6
所以 (x-1)2=6
解得 x1=1+
,x2=1-
6
.
6
①当x=1+
时,原式=-54(1+
6
)-60=-54
6
-114;
6
②当x=1-
时,原式=-54(1-
6
)-60=54
6