No sooner than和hardly when的用法与区别

no sooner…than…

hardly…when…

这两个短语都有“一……就”、“刚刚……就”的意思，它们的意思非常相近，因此有时可以互换。例如：

“我刚到公共汽车站，汽车就开了。”一句，就可以有如下几句译法：

As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started.

Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.

No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.

但他们之间也有一些差异，例如，如果从两件事情的间隔时间来说，as soon as 较长，no sooner...than 居中，hardly...when 间隔时间最短。其它的一些区别见下面，请大家在运用的时候要留意。

no sooner…than

它的意思相当于“刚做完A这件事，就做B这件事”。例如：

He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
他一回来就买了一套房子。

如果no sooner 位于句首，主句要用倒装结构。例如：

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。

No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.
运动会刚开始，天就下起了大雨。

有一点要注意，no sooner…than 一般用来描述做过的事情，它不能用于表示将来的事。

hardly…when...

它的意思是“几乎未来得及做完A这件事，紧接着就开始B这件事。”
使用这个短语时，一般用于过去完成时；并且when有时可改用before。例如：

He had hardly finished the article when the light went out.
他刚写完文，灯就熄了。

He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.
他还未安顿下来，就卖掉了那所房子。

另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒装结构即谓语动词要提前。如：

Hardly had I finished eating when he came in.
我刚吃完他就进来了。

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
她还没走出家门，就有一个学生来看望她。

hardly when 与 scarcely before用法相似，意思是，“一（刚）...就....
no sooner than有“很快”的意思，也有“一...就...”的意思。